The construction industry contributes up to 39% of total global carbon emissions,
making the transition to green building design crucial. This study aims to apply
Building Information Modeling (BIM) to simulate and optimize sustainable
building design through a parametric sensitivity analysis approach in Indonesia.
The evaluation was conducted on two dominant building typologies, namely Type
45 Residential Houses and 3-story Commercial Shophouses, taking into account the
humid tropical climate context of Palembang City referring to the SNI 6389:2020
standard. This study uses three independent variables of building facades: Window
to-Wall Ratio / WWR (10%, 20%, 30%), Floor-to-Ceiling Height (3.2 m; 3.6 m; 4.0
m), and the type of solid wall (red brick, concrete block, lightweight brick/AAC),
which resulted in 27 alternative design combinations. Three-dimensional modeling
was executed using Autodesk Revit software, while building performance was
calculated using the EnergyPlus simulation engine and Autodesk Forma Carbon
Insights. The output parameters are focused on Energy Use Intensity (kWh/year),
Peak Cooling Load (kW), and Operational Carbon Emissions (kg CO₂/year). To
resolve conflicts of interest between thermal parameters, this study applies a Multi
Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework with a Weighted Sum Method
(WSM) approach to determine the most optimal design variation in reducing space
cooling loads and environmental emission impacts.